Terpenes Also Have Anticancer Properties, New Studies Show

Terpenes are organic compounds found in various plants, known for their distinctive flavors and aromas. Beyond their sensory contributions, terpenes offer significant therapeutic and medicinal benefits. These compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.

In nature, terpenes play a crucial role, including deterring predators, attracting pollinators, and protecting plants from environmental stress factors. With approximately 20,000 identified types, each terpene has its own unique characteristics and health effects.

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Terpenes in Cannabis

Cannabis is a well-known source of terpenes, which help identify different strains by their scent or aroma.

Recent research has highlighted the potential of terpenes in cancer treatment. A Chinese study demonstrated that hemp terpenes, particularly humulene and caryophyllene, possess analgesic and tumor-reducing properties. The researchers found that hemp oil extracts reduced neuropathic pain and tumor growth in mice, suggesting a new avenue for cancer treatment.

According to the study, “Hemp essential oil (HEO) plays a role not only in treating tumor-induced peripheral neuropathy but also in antitumor treatment, providing key insights for new cancer treatment strategies and a reference for the medicinal development of hemp.”

Limonene and Cancer Prevention

Limonene, a popular terpene found in citrus fruits, has been the subject of numerous studies for its anticancer properties. A 2021 review synthesized various papers analyzing the effects of limonene on cancer in animals.

The results indicate that limonene effectively impacts factors related to cancer growth, including tumor size, volume, weight, and number. Moreover, limonene increases the presence of antioxidant enzymes and improves survival rates in rodents.

In another study, women with breast cancer observed a 22% reduction in the expression of breast tumor cells after consuming 2 grams of limonene per day for six weeks.

Other Beneficial Terpenes

Phytol, a terpene found in green tea and certain cannabis strains like Sour Diesel and Cheese, also shows promise in oncology. Research indicates that phytol has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties, making it potentially useful in treating breast and liver cancers. Phytol can induce apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death, which is crucial in cancer treatment.

The Therapeutic Potential of Terpenes

Several cannabis compounds, including THC and CBD, have strong anticancer properties. These cannabinoids help fight cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth. Other cannabinoids like CBC and CBG also possess powerful anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The synergy between terpenes and cannabinoids, known as the entourage effect, enhances their therapeutic benefits.

Inflammation, the body’s response to harmful stimuli, can lead to cellular and DNA damage, tumor growth, and the proliferation of cancer cells. Chronic inflammation is a significant factor in cancer development. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medication, including the strategic use of cannabis, can help reduce cancer risk.

Conclusion

While research on terpenes and cancer is still in its early stages, the results so far are promising.

Terpenes, beyond their aromatic and flavorful contributions, have significant therapeutic potential. Found in cannabis, hemp, fruits, and other plants, terpenes like humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, and phytol have shown promising anticancer properties. As research progresses, the integration of terpenes into cancer treatment could offer new strategies to combat this challenging disease.

The ongoing study of terpenes highlights the importance of natural compounds in medical research. As our understanding deepens, these organic compounds could play a crucial role in the development of effective cancer therapies.

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(Featured image by Christina Winter via Unsplash)

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